![]() Identification of relevant criteria that influence the environment can be done by extracting factors and causal factors from other models that examine the business environment. Sustainability issues can be effectively addressed with a good understanding of the oil and gas environment and the forces that encourage or hinder behavioural intentions to invest ( Johnson et al., 2008 Appiah et al., 2021). Due to the importance of the oil and gas industry, there is a need to study the macro environment and identify external forces that affect sustainable investment. There is a lack of research on investment intentions from a macro perspective ( Halldórsson et al., 2009 Barkauskas et al., 2015 Appiah et al., 2018). Studying the macro environment will help identify external forces that affect the design of supply chains and operations. Having a good understanding of the environment in which oil and gas operate, and recognizing the forces that exert pressure on the environment, can help companies better improve sustainable investment issues. The purpose of macro environment analysis is to help organizations recognize major developments and their future impact. ![]() (2018) avowed that the macroenvironmental forces exerted strong influence on indigenous companies' willingness to invest in the Ghanaian oil and gas sector. Available evidence (See Itani et al., 2014 Litavniece and Znotiņ a, 2015) from the developed economies suggest that macro-environment forces have effects on investment intentions. (2018) political, economic, social, technological, legal, environmental, demographic, ethical, and regulatory are considered the major forces of the macro environment. Macroenvironment contains variables that are beyond the control of an organization, but which nevertheless must be analyzed in order to adapt business and investment strategies to the changing business environment ( Johnson et al., 2008 Appiah et al., 2018, 2021). Unarguably, today's complex business environment is saturated with micro and macro levels influences which imperatively require adequate research, policy and practical attention ( Appiah et al., 2021). Besides, the findings will assist SMEs owners and managers in their decisi ons to invest in the downstream oil and gas sector by strengthening investment capability at different levels of Supply chain resilience. Overall, our results are akin to policy makers agenda to create enabling macro environment to improve local businesses participation in the Ghanaian oil and gas value chain. These robust results are consistent with the theory of strategic positioning. The link between macro environment dimensions and intention to invest was strengthened via the interaction effect of supply chain resilience. Moreover, the research findings revealed that supply chain resilience moderated the relationship between macroenvironment dimensions and intention to invest. Our indicative evidence suggests that political factors, economic factors, environmental factors and technological factors are related to SMEs intentions to invest in the down stream oil and gas. Using Partial Least Square method we analyze cross sectional data across Ghana's SMEs spectrum between the periods 2017–2018. The study also, examined the conditional effect of micro environment dimensions on intention to invest at different levels of supply chain resilience. ![]() Specifically, macro environment model has been developed wherein an important exogenous context (supply chain resilience) variable has been considered and studied its moderating effect on the relationship between macro environment dimensions and intentions to invest. Following a theory of strategic positioning perspective, this paper aims to explore the operating context in which dimensions of the macro-environment factors are likely to enhance Small and Medium Enterprise's (SMEs) intentions to invest in the Ghana's’ downstream oil and gas sector. ![]()
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